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MENDE (KALIANDRA) 
HOARD 


THE 


By SYDNEY 'P.- NOB 


THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY 
BROADWAY AT I56TH STREET 
NEW YORK 
1926 


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NOTES AND MONOGRAPHS 


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No longer the property of 
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THE MENDE (KALIANDRA) 
HOARD 


BY 


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THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY 
BROADWAY AT I56TH STREET 
NEW YORK 
1926 


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Re SS y Yures C. Mh. Da Lf 


THE MENDE (KALIANDRA) 
HOARD 


By Sypney P. Nor 


In 1913 (?), there was found at Kalian- 
dra, identified as the ancient site of the city 
of Mende, a hoard of the tetradrachms of 
that city. M. Babelon published such 
facts as he was able to gather regarding the 
hoard in the Revue Numismatique for 
1922, together with reproductions of 
twelve pieces from the find which had en- 
tered the collections of the Bibliothéque 
Nationale and of M. Jameson. The num- 
ber of coins found, according to M. 
Babelon’s information, was 320. During a 
sojourn in Athens in the winter of 1922- 
1923, I found more than three-score of 
these tetradrachms ‘‘on the market,’’ and 
in one private collection no less than sixty- 
two additional pieces. As there were a 


Me MSs MATIC’ NOTES 











| 2 THE MENDE 


number of unpublished varieties, I felt it 
my numismatic duty to make a record of 
all the coins. Later, in Paris, I received 
from M. Ritsos, permission to publish the 
pieces still retained by him, one hundred 
and twelve in number; and with those of 
collectors into whose possession other 
pieces had passed, the total number of 
coins which I have been able to trace, 
exceeds three hundred. It is possible, 
therefore, that the hoard was larger than 
supposed by M. Babelon. The number 
of Mende tetradrachms known prior to 
1913 was small—probably not over fifty; 
and the knowledge of the coinage of this 
city was scanty indeed. Most of the 
coins not in the hoard can be retraced to 
records made previous to its discovery. A 
hoard of the coins of Mende of smaller de- 
nominations had been found near the same 
town in 1892. With a view to classifying 
what is known regarding this Mint, Dr. 
Regling published an article in the Zeit- 
schrift fiir Numismatik for 1923, including 
therein the four tetradrachms from the 
eae hoard which had been acquired 














i NUMISMATICIUN Oe so 






































(KALITANDRA) HOARD 3 





by the Berlin Cabinet, as well as the pieces 
previously secured by them. His pre- 
sentation of this material is marked by the 
erudition which one associates with all his 
work. His abundant references to author- 
ities and his presentation of the historical 
data would make any recital of the facts 
concerning Mende recorded in the Greek 
texts but repetition, and for these the reader 
is referred to his article. Both Dr. Reg- 
ling’s and M. Babelon’s articles, however, 
were written with only a partial knowledge 
of the contents of this hoard. . Some of 
their deductions would have been different 
had this material been at their disposal, 
and that must serve as an explanation for 
reopening some of the questions. With- 
out the foundation laid by them, it would 
have been very difficult for me to have 
presented the data offered herein. Grate- 
ful acknowledgment is also due to Mr. 
G. F. Hill, of the British Museum, who was 
preparing to record the information which 
had come to him—when he learned that 
I had undertaken a study of this hoard, he 
very courteously withdrew from the field. 


























meee ON OGRA PHS 


THE MEN DE 


We have almost no trustworthy in- 
formation of the finding of the hoard. The 
coins have come on the market in small 
lots, and seem either to have been divided 
among several individuals, or to have been 
found in portions at intervals. It is pos- 
sible that parts are still in the possession of 
those who discovered it. As the owners of 
each of the three largest accumulations of 
the pieces from this hoard were inde- 
pendently making an effort to secure the 
greatest diversity of types, there is some 
foundation for believing that most of the 
varieties have been described. There may 
be further die-combinations, but the chance 
of there being radically different types, 
should be remote. Most of the coins appear 
to have been covered with a black en- 
crustation which careful cleaning will 
remove. This served in some cases as a 
protection, and the surfaces of many of the 
coins are in superb condition. While un- 
cleaned, however, it is very difficult to 
distinguish die varieties. The best speci- 
mens procurable have been used for the 
plates, but the uncleaned ones are readily 






























(ALTANDRA HO A. B.D 


| distinguishable (Nos. 22 and 39, for ex- 
ample). 

A brief explanation is required for the 
description of the contents of the hoard, 
which follows: 

In recording the inscriptions, the con- 
vention of using a line to indicate the part 
of the letter next to the rim, has been 
employed. For example, in No. 6, the 
inscription is given as MINA AION, thus 
indicating that the bottom of the first syl- 
lable ts next the rim, whereas with the re- 
mainder the top is so placed. 

The dimensions given are for the widest 
diameter. It has been necessary to dis- 
tinguish coins in the cabinets of a number 
of dealers, some of whom have requested | 
that the ownership of the pieces be kept 
confidential. In consequence, these deal- 
ers are distinguished by letters which 
can be disregarded except insofar as they 
indicate the number of pieces of each 
variety. 

For the incuse series, the varieties not 
in the hoard have been indicated for con- 
venience of reference. The first coin listed 





AND MONOGRAPHS 




















ae THE MENDE 


under each number is the one shown on 
the plate. 

The hoard has been divided into three 
groups: Group I, the incuse issues; Group 
Li oby. far the largest of the three, the 
types on Plates III to VIII inclusive; | 
Group III, the issues on Plate IX. 


Group I 

1 Ass (ithyphallic) facing 1., with large 
crow on rump also facing I. 

RY Incuse consisting of five triangular 
parts. 
AR tetr. 25 mm. 16.46, G. Empedocles, Athens, 
(not certain that this piece was in hoard). 

2 Ass tor.; crow |., pecking at root of 
the donkey’s tail. 

RY Five-part incuse. 
A tetr. 25 mm. 15.50 Athens. 


3 Similar to 2; the crow larger. Thel. 
foreleg of the ass is bent. 

RZ Five-part incuse. 
AR tetr. 28 mm. 16.55 Commerce (A). 

4 (N)OIAANIM in a straight line 
above the ass, which is appreciably smaller 


| |NUMISMATIC NOTES 








Roomy DR A), HOARD 








than in the foregoing. The animal has his 
head raised and his ears back, as though 
braying. Crow on rump facing 1.; an- 
other but smaller bird in field to r. and 
facing tor. Between the legs of the ass, a 
die-break(?). 

RZ Five-part incuse. 


A tetr. 28 mm. wt.? Commerce(R). NOTIN 
HOARD-—Boston, (from an Egyptian Hoard, 
and oxidized), 16.08. 



























5 Ass to r., with crow I. pecking at 
rump. MIN reading downward from 
nose. On flank, M. Exergual line. Bor- 
der of coarse dots. 

RZ Quadripartite incuse, the outer tips 
of at least two of the triangles squared off. 


AR tetr.25 mm. 17.08; Commerce (A), and 
another, wt. ? R. Jameson, 16.93 (Pl. I); Capt. 
E. G. S.-Churchill; Sotheby Sale, Dec. 1, 1924, 
16.59. On the last piece, the M looks to have 
been made by cutting down the surface leaving 
the letter in relief. 


6 MINA—AION. = The last four let- 
ters are retrograde. Ass. r.—bird 1. 


RZ Quadripartite incuse. 


AR tetr. 24mm. Commerce (RM) and (RP) 
unweighed. 














MANDeMONOGRAPHS 











THE MEN DS 








NOT IN HOARD (?) Hirsch XXXIII, 618, 
17.30. 


7 MIN—AAIO—N. Asstor., crow on 
rump also to r., and much smaller than 
heretofore. Last letter of inscr. between 
legs of animal. 

RZ Quadripartite incuse, the inner 
angles of the triangular elements touch. 


AR tetr.25 mm. 17.08 Commerce (A); G. Em- 
pedocles, Athens, 17.04; Commerce (RP), 
wt. ?; and a 2nd specimen (?); NOT IN 
HOARD. Paris, 17.18. 


8 MINA—AION, reading upward, (ret- 
rograde). Ass r. crow 1. Between the 
legs, conventionalized flower. 

RZ Quadripartite incuse. 


& tetr.27 mm. 17.15 Commerce (A); a second, 
17.05; Commerce (RM) and (RP); Grand Duke 
--Evans Sale, 438, 16.99; G. Empedocles, 
16.59. 





















9 MIN. As before—between the legs an 
acorn (possibly a bunch of grapes). No 
exergual line. 

RZ Quadripartite incuse. 


AR tetr. 26 mm. Commerce (RM) and (RP), 
unweighed. Commerce (A), 17.10. 


NUMISMATIC HOT 










(RADIAN DRA) HOARD 


NOT IN HOARD. Boston, (Reg.-War. 573), 
MeO: 

















10 MINDAON. Assr., bird]. In field 
beneath the head a_ conventionalized 
flower. | 

RZ Five-fold incuse. 


AR tetr. 27 mm. wt.? G. Empedocles Coll. 
Athens. 


11 MINA—AO—N. Ass tor. with cres- 
cent (tips upward) above its back. Inscr. 
begins above the tail, the last letter being 
between the legs. Less rugged relief. 
RZ Quadripartite incuse. 
AR tetr.26mm. 16.92 Commerce (A) and sec- 
ond piece; G. Empedocles, Athens, 16.46. 
NOT IN HOARD. | Klagenfurt 17.15 (Num. 
Zeit., 1884, 243). 




















12 M I NAAION. The M above 
exergual line, the I between the forelegs of 
the ass. Crow tol. A wreath of ivy (?) 
encircles the body of the ass. The near 
legs of the ass are spread, the off ones 
together—a position which would result in 
the loss of equilibrium, even if, the in- 
tent was to show that the animal was a 








AND MONOGRAPHS 






THE MENDE 














‘““pacer.”” This peculiarity occurs through- 
out the double relief coinage to the end. 
RZ Quadripartite incuse. 

















R tetr. 27 mm. wt. ? Commerce (R); Com- 
merce (A), 17.00; G. Empedocles, Athens, 16.91; 
E. G. S.-Churchill; Naville X, 405, 16.55. 


13 MINAAON. Ass to r., crow to r. 
First letter of inscr. above bird—the last 
below the exergual line. Legs in “pacing 
position.” 

RY Quadripartite incuse. 


AR tetr. 28 mm. 16.60, Jameson Coll.; Naville 
X,406-17.12; and 407—16.38. 

NOT IN HOARD. Paris 17.30 (Babelon, 
Traité, 1619); Venice, Bibl. Marciana, 17.20 
(Num. Zeit. 1884, p. 243). 


14 Ass tor., bird to 1. pecking at tail. 
Thick exergual line. 

RZ Quadripartite incuse. 
AR tetr. 28 mm. 16.95 Commerce (A). 


15 MINAAION. Asstor., 1. fore- 
leg in advance, but not bent. Crow fac- 
ing r., but with head tol. Exergual line. 

RZ Quadripartite incuse. 

R tetr. 26 mm. 17.06, E. T. Newell; Com- 


















NUMISMATIC NOTES 





ieee t aN DR A)’ HOARD 





Il 





merce (A), 17.15; (RM), wt. ?; G. Empedocles, 
16.95 (identification not certain). 


16 MINA. The first letter just be- 
low the nose of the ass, the I at rt. angle 
with ears—the N in line with their tips, 





the delta just above the head of the crow. 
The ass facing r., the crow also to r., but 
with head turned backward. In field at r., 
a fly with head upwards. 


RY Quadripartite incuse—Compare No.| 


17 and tetrobol Fig. 1. | 
AR tetr. 28 mm. 17.45 Commerce (A). 


17 IAANIM. Asstor., with bunch of 
grapes hanging from his mouth. 

RY Quadripartite incuse—the  trian- 
gles equal and with longest side outward. 


By tetr..27 mim, 17.31 EH. T. Newell; G. Empe 
Goctes, 16:65 “atid ~17.04: Pozzi 772, 17-22; 
Commerce (A) 16.70 and 16.65; possibly others 
in Commerce. 





18 MINAAION, (retrograde, begin- 
ning above I. foreleg). Ass tor. 
RY Quadripartite incuse. 


& tetr. 27 mm. 17.10 Commerce (A) ; Commerce 
(RM) (RP); Capt. E. G. S.-Churchill. 


ee 





Pex OeN OGRA PHS 





—- 








12 TH ESM Ea 


NOT IN HOARD. Pozzi 771, ex Rhouso- 
poulos (Hirsch XIII, 886), 16.72. 






















19 MIN, the last letter between the. 
legs of the ass. Ass to r. with crow to l. 
pecking at tail. Behind the animal, a 
grapevine with large bunch of grapes and 
foliage filling space above. 

RZ Quadripartite incuse with wheel at 
|the center. 

R tetr. 38 mm. wt.? Commerce (R). 
NOTIN HOARD. Cf. B.M.coin with quadri- 
partite incuse, 16.85, J. I. N., 1913, Pl. 7, 21 
(plated). With annulet center—Paris 16.98; 
Berlin (Lobbecke), 16.90, (Plated ?), Imhoof; 
16.65, (Zeit. f. Num., 1923, Pl. II, 7). 





Group II 


20 In high relief, ass to r., bearing 
Dionysus in a reclining position. He is 
bearded and elderly—his left leg, parallel 
to the body of the animal is foreshortened 
above the knee; only the lower portion of 
his body is covered by drapery. His ex- 
tended r. hand holds a kantharos, at an 
angle that shows it empty. In field, below 
the head of the ass, a crow to r., between. 


NUMISMATICO° NG Ge 











iowa ANDRA) HOARD 


two branches of a bush. Exergue indi- 
cated. Border of heavy dots. 

RZ MENDAION. The first three let- 
ters are above a linear enclosure containing 
a grape-vine with four clusters. The 
“‘square”’ is not regular, nor are its sides of 
uniform thickness. The Ns of the inscr. 
are irregular. 


AR tetr. 27 mm. 16.92 Commerce (S); G. Em- 
pedocles 17.30; Paris (Rev. Num. 19.22, Pl. V, 1) 


21 Similar to No. 20—Dionysus wears 
a wreath, as apparently does also the ass. 
The branches in the field show flowers at 
their tips. The head of Dionysus differs 
noticeably. 

RY Inscr. unchanged, but letters larger 
and more nearly regular. The vine shows 
five grape-clusters, and tendrils at the ex- 
tremities of the branches occupy the upper 
angles of the square. 


R tetr..29 mm. 17.11 E. P. Robinson. 


22 Dionysus as before, but with both 
feet extending beyond rump of the ass. 
The crow more than usually erect—the 


epee ON) Gs RAP HS 








THE MENDE 





bush on which it perches is indicated by 
two lines. 

RZ The “‘square”’ slightly wider than 
its height. The final N of the inser. slants 
noticeably. 


R tetr. 28 mm. wt.? Commerce (X). 





23 Head of Dionysus as in No. 21— 
his 1. leg extended, r. knee bent. The 
border more nearly oval than circular. 

RZ Die of No. 22. 


AR tetr. 28 mm. wt.? Commerce (RM); G. 
Empedocles, 17.24. 


24 Similar to No. 23. The. foreleg of 
the ass bent as though pawing the ground. 
RZ Same die as Nos. 22 and 23. 


R tetr. 26144 mm. 17.02 Commerce (A); G. Em- 
pedocles—6 pieces. 17.17, 16.98, 16.23, 16.91, 
16.65 and 17.30; Commerce (RP), 2 pieces. 


25 Same die as No. 24. 
RZ Both square, and letters crude— 
especially the E. 


& tetr. 27 mm. 17:30, G. Empedocles (also 2nd 
piece, unweighed). 


26 In high relief as No. 20—the figure 











NUMISMATICAUN Gis 





foal AN DR A)-HOARD 


I5 





and kantharos smaller; the branches are 
much longer, and terminate in four- 
petalled flowers. 

RY Both Ns of inscr. slanting; the 
square broader at the base than at the top. 
Die-break over the E. The worked sur- 
face of the die is 21.5 mm. in width as com- 
pared with 18.5 for No. 22. 

A tetr. 29 mm. 17.04 G. Empedocles. 


27 Similar to foregoing—the head of 
Dionysus disproportionately large; his 
left arm covered by a fold of drapery. A 
wreath hangs from the mouth of the ass. 
The branch on which the bird sits bends to 
form a right angle. The kantharos is 
larger than heretofore. 

RY The inscr. begins at the lower r. 
corner of the square—the cast has been 
mounted with the vine upside down to 
emphasize this. 


AR tetr. 29 mm. 17.22, Commerce (A); (RM) 2 
pieces; Naville X 408—17.20. 


28 Similar to No. 27 but cf. modelling 
of the wreathed head of Dionysus; also in 
Nos. 20 and 21 where the contrast is 


aN Do MONOGRAPHS 








16 





THE MENDE 











paralleled. The wreath in the mouth of 
the ass is larger and the crow is lower in 
the field, the bush having practically disap- 
peared. 

RZ Both Ns of the inscr. nearly regular. 
The O intercepts the angle of the square. 
R tetr. 28.5 mm. 17.04 Commerce (A), also 


16.90 and 17.05; G. Empedocles, 16.52; Egger 
Sale XLV, 468, 17.00. 


29 Dionysus with head in profile to r. 
Both feet extend over rump of the ass. 
The legs of the ass are very long, and his 
stride more pronounced than heretofore. 
The crow is small—a branch shows above 
its back. The die-cutting is more finished 
but it lacks the strength of the preceding 
pieces. 

RY Letters of inscr. much coarser than 
heretofore; both Ns slanting. Die-break 
above the E. No grape-cluster within 
loop. 


R tetr. 28 mm. wt.? Commerce (A). 


30 Figure similar to that of Nos. 26-27 
—the kantharos very crudely cut. No 











NUMISMATIC NOTES 














festbowN DRA) HOARD 


17 



















branches showing above bird which is 
unusually small. 

RY The strokes of the delta and E are 
double-cut, and the trunk of the vine is 
twisted. 


AR tetr. 30 mm. wt.? Commerce (RP)—3 (?) 
pieces; Commerce (X). 


31 Same die as No. 30. 

RZ Square larger with. lines of more 
even width than on previous plate. The 
final N of the inscr. has its third stroke of 
only half the length of the initial one. 
The vine trunk has a loop below the cen- 
tral grape-cluster. 


R tetr. 29 mm. 17.17, G. Empedocles; R. Jame- 
son, 16.96. 


32 Cf. figure of Dionysus with No. 26. 
Crow low in field—die broken at r. 

RY The first N is slanting. The loop 
formed by the vine-branches at the center 
does not enclose a grape-cluster. 

R tetr. 27 mm. 16.91 G. Empedocles. 


33 Similar to No. 21—the figure more 
nearly erect and the whole design more 


+ 











an Dp MONOGRAPHS 











rn 


| 18 


Baier bibs ove 











THE MENDE- 















compact. The kantharos larger, the flow- 
ering branches not so long. 

RZ Asingle leaf tor. of the grape cluster 
within the loop of the vine at the centre. 


AR tetr. 28 mm. 17.37 Commerce (A); Com- 
merce (X). 


34 Cf. No. 33, where, however, the head 
of the ass is not wreathed. The forelegs 
are very stiff. 

RZ Die of No. 33. 


R tetr. 28mm. wt.? Commerce, (RP) & (RM). 


35 Similar to No. 29, but of finer style. 
The proportions of the ass are much better. 
The crow large; the bush is barely in- 
dicated. 

RY The field filled by vine is slightly 
raised, and enclosed by linear square. The 
vine bears four grape-clusters. The loop 
at the center is empty. 

R tetr. 29 mm. wt.? ex. Coll. Hobart Smith 


36 Similar to No. 35—the kantharos 
larger, also the crow. On the drapery 
of Dionysus, between the knees, a swas- 
tika. There are indications of sandals on 











NUMISMATIC NOTES 























eae NeD ROA); HOARD 





the feet of the god. Possibly the large 
proportions are a result of deepening the 
die of No. 35. 

RY Similar to No. 35, but more beauti- 
fully finished. The loop above the central 
one and below the E contains two leaves 
_jrather than a single one as in No. 35. 





R tetr. 28 mm. 17.13, R. Jameson, Paris; C. J. 
Bauer, Rochester, wt.?; E. T. Newell, 16.78. 


37 Dionysus with |. leg drawn up as 
heretofore, but the design treated more 
broadly. High exergual line. Border of 
dots regular and forming a true circle. 
Piece (a) badly cleaned. 

RY Die of No. 36. 


R tetr. 29 mm. 16.46, G. Empedocles; Pozzi 
Sale, 785, 16.64. 


38 Similar to No. 29, save that Di- 
onysus is more nearly. erect, the exergual 
line higher on the die, and the crow larger. 

RY Both Nsslant tor. Inlinear square, 
vine with five clusters of grapes and narrow 
loop at center. Field not raised as on 35- 


37: 











AND MONOGRAPHS 




















THE. ME Spee 





R tetr. 28 mm. wt.? Commerce, (RP) & 
(RM); G. Empedocles 17.04—2nd piece 17.04. 


39 Similar to No. 34, but the ex- 
ergual line and the crow are higher-on 
the die, and the forelegs of the ass better 
drawn. Piece uncleaned. 

RZ Both Ns of inscr. inverted. Linear 
square encloses a_ beautifully compact 
vine with the two lower grape-clusters 
larger than the others. 

A tetr. 27 mm. 16.91, G. Empedocles. 








40 Dionysus, in attitude and propor- 
tions, is similar to No. 27—the ass is more 





a bee or a fly. 





A tetr. 28 mm. 17.12 Commerce (A); Commerce 
(RP)—2 pieces. 









41 Die of No. 40. 
RY The A and final N of the inser. 

slanting. Above central cluster of grapes, a 

tiny insect (?) with wings raised. 

A tetr. 28 mm. 16.98, G. Empedocles; Com- 


NUMISMATICY NOTES 











(ALTANDRA) HOARD 


woe (X); Egger XLV, 469, 17.45; Sotheby 
Sale, Dec. I 1924, No. 44, 17.27. 

42 Die of No. 40. . 

RZ The square no longer linear, but 
raised above the surface bearing the 
letters. The first N slants considerably— 
the final one, slightly. The vine in the 
raised field starts to the left of the mid- 
point of the base of the square, and curves 
to r. Four grape-clusters and six leaves 
make up the pattern. Weakly struck and 
worn. 

























AR tetr.27mm. wt. ? Commerce. 





43 Similar to No. 33, save that the 
crow is replaced by a Silenos to r. (with! 
thyrsos and wine-skin) considerably smaller) 
in his proportions than Dionysus. 

RZ Die of No. 40. 


AR tetr.27 mm. wt.? grm. Commerce (RM). 
Pozzi Sale, 788, 16.70; Naville X, 41I—17.03. 


44 Same die as No. 43. 
RZ Die of No. 42. 


AR tetr. 27 mm. wt. ? Commerce (T). 





45 Same die as No. 43. 
RZ Five leaves between the tendrils 


pene yt OPN OGRA PHS 




























THE MEN Dee 






which fill the upper corners of the square. 
The final N recut (?)—closer to O than 
to M. 


AR tetr. 27 mm. 17.48. R. H. Hart, Oldham; G. 
Empedocles, 17.24; Commerce (A), 18.25; Com- 
merce (RM); R. Jameson, 17.29. 


46 Similar to No. 43—the figure of 
Silenos does not touch the fore-leg of the 
ass, and his head is beneath the jaw rather 
than the lower lip. 

RY Die of No. 45. 


R tetr. 27 mm. 16.91 G. Empedocles—also 
2nd specimen, 15.88; Pozzi 787, 17.33; Paris 
(Rev. Num. 1922, Pl. V, 3-—ex Egger Sale XLV, 
470, 16.96) ; Commerce (RM) ?; Commerce (X); 
Berlin, 17.18 (Z.f.N., 1923, Pl. III, 24). 









47 Dionysus, in profile, facing |., and 
holding small branch against the flank of 
the ass. A single leaf of the bush appears 
above the crow’s tail. 

RZ Similar to No. 42 but the vine starts 
to r. of mid-point of the base of the square 
and curves to l. 

AR tetr. 27 mm. wt. ? Commerce (RP). 


48 Die of No. 47. 


NUMISMATDEC™N Oi. 





fioreietaeN DRA) HOARD) 23 


RZ Die of Nos. 40 and 43. 


AR tetr. 27 mm. wt. ? Commerce (T). 


49 Die of No. 47. 
RZ Die of No. 41. 


AR tetr. 27 mm. wt. ? Commerce. 


50 Die of No. 47. 
RZ Die of Nos. 42 and 44. 


A tetr. 26 mm. 16.83, R. H. Hart, Oldham; R. 
Jameson, 17.64; Commerce (A) 17.32 and an- 
other, unweighed; Commerce (RM) 3 pieces; 
Naville X 409, 17.20. 


51 Die of Nos. 47-50. 

RZ MENAAION. The inscr. begins 
at the lower left corner. The lines en- 
closing the vine are beautifully regular. 
The field is not raised. The loop formed 
by the two branches of the vine is larger 
than usual, and encloses a grape-cluster 
with a leaf on either side. The clusters in 
each of the lower corners of the square are 
larger than the central one. The trunk is 
divided at its base. 

AR tetr.27 mm. wt. ? Commerce (RM). 





52 Close to No. 29 in style, though not 





AND MONOGRAPHS 





24 





THE MENDE 

















in the position of Dionysus. Three leaves 
show above tail of the crow. 

RZ Both Ns of the inscr. slanting. 
Four leaves on the branches above the 
middle grape-cluster. 

R tetr. 28 mm. 17.11 G. Empedocles. 





53 Figure of Dionysus very crudely 
cut. Die-break (?) extends from r. fore- 
leg of ass diagonally upward to 1. 

RZ Similar to No. 56—the linear square 
more pronounced. The loop at the center 
is pear-shaped. The upper clusters larger 
than in No. 56. 


A tetr. 28 mm. Commerce (RM) & (RP); R. H. 
Hart, Oldham, 17.08. 


54 Similar to No. 29—the r. forearm 
of Dionysus nearly perpendicular. The 
crow is unusually large. 

RZ Similar to No. 58 but E of the inscr. 
is badly cut and the die itself much wider 
at the top than at the base. 

AR tetr. 314 mm. wt. ? Commerce (X). 


55 The beautifully modelled body of 
Dionysus is more muscular than heretofore. 








NUMISMATIGC NGO 














(KALIANDRA) HOARD| 25 





The tail of the crow touches the fore-leg of 
the ass. 

RY Similar to No. 54 but without its 
faults of die-cutting. The linear square is 
regular and the proportions of the vine very 
pleasing. 

& tetr. 28 mm. 16.79, E. T. Newell; Commerce 
(T). 


56 Closely similar to No. 55, save that 
the crow has two leaves above its tail, and 
one just beneath its feet, and is more nearly 
erect. 

RZ Similar to No. 53 save that linear 
square is not so pronounced, and lower 


grape-clusters are larger. 


R tetr. 28 mm. 17.29 Commerce (A); G. Em- 
pedocles, 17.11; Commerce (RM)—2 pieces; 
Commerce (RP). 


57 Similar to No. 56, but the head of 
the crow nearly touches the lower lip of 


the ass. 
RY Die of No. 56. 


ZE tetr.38 mm. wt.? Commerce (R). Not il- 
lustrated. 


58 Same die as No. 56. 


AND MONOGRAPHS 




































THE M EFeaNpes 





RZ Same die as No. 55, but the E has 
been recut. 
AR tetr. 28 mm. 17.17, Commerce (A); Com- 
merce (RM). 

59 Die of No. 55. 

RZ Die of No. 42. 
AR tetr. 27 mm. wt.? Commerce (RM) (the 
cast defective). 





60 Dionysus heavily bearded and with 
great shock of hair, holding thyrsos which 
terminates at the thigh of the ass. The 
forelegs are badly modelled. 

RZ Die of No. 42. 

AR tetr. 24 mm. wt.? Commerce (RP)—3 
pieces; Commerce (RM)—3 pieces. 

61 Dionysus, with face almost straight 
to the front, holding thyrsos over his left 
shoulder. In the field beneath the ass, a 
twig having four leaves and a flower very 
like that of the bush affording a perch for 
the crow in preceding types. 

‘RZ Die of No. 47. 


AR tetr. 28 mm. 16.69 R. H. Hart, Oldham; 
Commerce (A), 17.02; Commerce (RM) 3 
pieces; G. Locker Lampson Catalogue No. 147, 
L731; 


NUMIS MAT DCN Gas 











eeowiet nee R A) HOARD 








62 Similar to Nos. 55 and 58. A 
wreath or the end of a branch is to be seen 
at the base of the ears of the ass. Three 
leaves above the tail of the crow. 


RY Die of No. 47. 

R tetr. 25144 mm. 17.08, Commerce (A), 17.23 
and another; G. Empedocles, 16.91 and another 
of the same weight; Commerce (T); Commerce 
(RM); Commerce (RP)—2 pieces. 

63 Similar to No. 60, save that the 
thyrsos terminates between the hind legs 
of the ass. 

RY Die of No. 47. 


AR tetr. 26 mm. 17.00, Commerce (A); Paris, 
(Rev. Num. 1922, Pl. V, 9); Commerce (RP); 
Commerce (RM)—4 pieces; Soth. Sale Dec. I, 
1924, No. 47, 16.59. 

64 Die of No. 63. 

RZ Die of No. 47. 


moeteitwe2s 0m. 17-19 prm., KR. H. Hart, 
Oldham; G. Empedocles 17.17; Commerce (RP); 
Commerce (RM)—2 pieces; R. Jameson, 17.17. 


65 Dionysus in profile to 1., with 1. arm 
supporting his head. His elbow, resting be- 
tween the ears of the ass, pushes the fur- 
ther one forward. In field beneath the ass, 


7 








pene eto NO GRAPHS 











28 


T HE! “(MoRe Neve 














a twig with terminal flower, stem upward 
and slanting downward to r. Exergual 
line almost coincides with border. 


RY Die of No. 47. 


R tetr. 27 mm. 17.02, R. Jameson; Commerce 
(RM). 


66 Die of No. 65. 

RJ MEN VVION. A weak and blun- 
dered following of No. 47. The grape- 
clusters are placed in the design without 
taste and the line of the vine is not grace- 
ful. The inscription is blundered. 


R tetr. 274% mm. 7.11, E. T. Newell; R. H. 
Hart, Oldham, 16.64; Commerce (RM)—4 
pieces; Naville X, 412—16.62. 


67 Probably a later state of the die of 
Nos. 55 and 59, with die-flaw just above 
center of exergual line.* 


RY Die of No. 47. 


R tetr. 28 mm. 17.08, Commerce (A); G. Em- 


*The identity of this obverse die with those 
of Nos. 55 and 59 was discovered after the plates 
had been arranged. It makes Nos. 67 and 59 
identical though separated in point of the age 
of the die when they were struck. 











NUMISMAT iCal Oe 











meet AN DBA) HOARD 


29 








pedocles, 17 43; R. Jameson, 17.08; Commerce 
(RM); Commerce (RP); Commerce (S), 16.26. 


68 Die of Nos. 55 and 67. 

RZ Very small reverse die—but 14% 
mm. ‘The inscr. begins at the lower right 
corner. A linear square surrounds the 
vine, which remotely resembles that of 
Nos. 64 and 70. 

AR tetr. 16.60 Commerce (A); G. Empedocles, 


16.46 and 16.78 (?) and another; Commerce 
(RM); Commerce (T). 


69 Dionysus, almost full face, with 
beard covering part of breast. Straight 
exergual line, rather high on die. One ear 
of the ass touches the border. 

RZ New form of reverse, with the out- 
line of the square die as frame for the 
design. Five grape-clusters, in two rows; 
the middle one of the upper row is enclosed 
in a loop of the branches. The I of the 
inscr. beneath the trunk of the vine. The 
E, delta and final N of the inscription not 
well -cut. 


R tetr. 27 mm. wt.? Commerce (RP); Berlin 
(Z. f. N. 1923, Pl. III, 28) 16.93. 





AND MONOGRAPHS 




















30 








T HE “MeRON ees 


70 Die of No. 69. 

RY Similar to Nos. 50 and 64 in the ar- 
rangement of the vine, but the raised field 
is replaced by a linear square. 


AR tetr. 26 mm. 17.05, Commerce (A); Athens 
Nat. Num. Mus. (?); Commerce (RP). 


71 Similar to No. 70 but the exergue is 
slightly bevelled toward the rim. A part 
of the wreath extends beyond the head of 
the god, giving the effect of a horn. 

RY Die of No. 70. 


AR tetr. 26 mm. 17.28, R. H. Hart, Oldham; 
Commerce (X); Commerce (RM)—4 pieces. 


72 The ass with stiff forelegs and head 
thrown back. Die-break at lower r. 

RY Similar to No. 69—the base of the 
vine-trunk broader, and two leaves appear 
within the central loop. 


AR tetr. 29 mm. wt.? Commerce (RP) 3 (?) 
specimens. | 


73 Dionysus holding branch. The 
leaves of a wreath show beneath the 
ears of the ass. The attitude as in Nos. 
47-51, but the style that of coins on plates 
III and IV. Crow on bush in field to r. 


NUMIS MATIC NO 








oan aos DR A)Y HOARD 


31 











RY Die of No. 72. 


A tetr. 28 mm. 17.24 E. T. Newell; Commerce 
(RP); Sotheby Sale, Dec. I, 1924, No. 45, 17.21. 


74 Similar to No. 73, save that Diony- 
sus does not hold branch and the ass is not 
wreathed, and both of the branches above 
the crow terminate in a flower. 

RZ Similar to No. 73, save that all the 
letters are larger, especially the E. 















R tetr. 27 mm. 17.39, Commerce (A)—an- 
other specimen, I7.22 


75 Similar to No. 73, save that thereisa 
large insect (an ant?) beneath the ass, and 
both Dionysus and the ass are wreathed. 
RZ Similar to No. 73 but the vine is 
smaller. The central loop is nearly cir- 
cular. The letters are weak. 


R tetr, 274% mm. 17.35 Commerce (A); R. 
Jameson 17.12; Commerce (RP)—2 pieces. 





76 Die of No. 75. 

RZ Similar to No. 75 save that the 
central grape cluster is larger, and there is 
a die-break over the E. The die-outline is | 
irregular. | 








fo ee ON OG RAP HS 














| 32 THE MENDE 






















R tetr. 29 mm. 17.17, G. Empedocles, Athens; 
Commerce (?). 

77 Dionysus as in No. 72; beneath the 
ass, a small dog tor. 

RZ Vine more compact and smaller than 
heretofore. The tendrils separate the 
first three letters of the inscr. 


AR tetr. 27 mm. wt.?, Commerce( RM)—2 
pieces. 


78 Closely similar to No. 77, but ap- 
parently not the same die. 

RZ The trunk of the vine begins near 
the edge of the die—the I of the inscr. is 
consequently crowded to the r. 
& tetr. 27 mm. 17.12, R. Jameson; R. H. Hart, 
Oldham, 17.00, G. Empedocles, Athens, 16.91; 
Paris, (Rev. Num. 1922, (Pl. V, 2); Commerce 
(RM)—Commerce (X); Commerce (RF); Na- 
ville X, 410-17.00. 

79 Dionysus as in No. 72—beneath the 
ass a small dog similar to that in No. 77, 
but rearing tol. The crow is perched ona 
leafless stump. Die-break to r. 








RZ Similar to No. 75, but the loop is 
broader. 
& tetr. 27 mm. Commerce (RM). 





NUMISMATIG NU 








(eee DRA)’ HOARD 





33 

















80 Die of No. 79. 
RY Die of No. 78. 
& tetr. 30 mm. 16.98, Commerce (A); G. Em- 


pedocles, 17.04 and 17.24; Commerce (X); Com- 
merce (RM). 


Group ITI 
Clee ie pt NO, 71. 
Ry Die of No. 69. 
A tetr. 26mm. 17.15 Commerce (A)—also 17.20 
and 16.92; Commerce (RP)—2 pieces. 


82 Die of No. 81. . 

RY Four palmettes displayed diagonally 

on a raised-square field. They are united 
at the base by S-shaped elements which en- 
close a four-pointed “‘star.”’ The cutting 
of the inscription is exceptionally fine. 
AR tetr. 27 mm. 17.20 Commerce (A); Paris, 
(Rev. Num., 1922, Pl. V, 10); Naville IV, (Gr. 
Duke-Evans), 442, 17.23; R. Jameson, 16.69; 
Commerce (RP)—2 pieces; Commerce (RM)— 
2 pieces; Berlin, 16.81, (Z.f.N., 1923, Pl. III, 26); 
Commerce (RF). 













83 Similar to No. 81 but the drapery is 
covered with a granulated pattern. The 
wreath of Dionysus is emphasized. 

RY Within a thick frame in relief, a nail- 










AND MONOGRAPHS eae 














THE MENDE 
































studded square with cross-pieces from the 
middle of each side also nail-studded. 

AR tetr.25mm. wt. ?, E. T. Newell; R. Jame- 
son, 17.44; Paris, (Rev. Num., 1922, Pl. V, 12); 
G. Empedocles, 16.20 and 2nd piece; Com- 
merce (A), 17.00, 17.10 and another; Naville 
Sale IV, (Gr. Duke-Evans, 443, 17.19; Com- 
merce (RM) 2 pieces; Commerce (RP), Brit. 
Mus. 17.19, (Num. Chron. 1923, Pl. IX, 5). 


84 Dionysus with profile tol. Drapery 
covered with granulations throughout. 
Exergue bevelled toward rim. 

RZ A heavy linear square enclosing vine 
with four grape-clusters. The vine- 
branches form an almost circular loop at 
the center. The letters of the inscr. are 
exceptionally sharp and bold. 

AR tetr. 26 mm. 16.90, Commerce (A). 


85 Similar to No. 84—an end of the 
drapery falls over the hind-quarters of the 
ass. The exergue bevelled. 

RZ Similar to No. 84 but in the loop at 
the center there is a tiny leaf. 

AR tetr. 24 mm. 17.04, R. Jameson; Commerce 


(A), 17.02; Naville IV, (Gr. D.-Evans), 441 
16.76; Commerce (R); G. Empedocles, 17.11. 











—— So 





NUMISMAT1¢ 3 








(KALIANDRA) HOARD] 35 


86 Figure similar to No. 84. The 
exergual line ‘is doubled, the lower one 
being of dots. In the exergue, a grass- 
hopper to r. with distended abdomen. 

RZ Within a thick linear square, a cir- 
cular disk on which is a sixteen-rayed star. 
A grape-cluster flanked by trefoils fills each 
of the corners. Lettering less bold than in 
Nos. 84 and 85. : 


AR tetr. 24 mm. 17.05, Commerce (A); Paris 
(Rev. Num. 1922, Pl. V, 11); Commerce (RM); 
Betunet7.20, (21.N- 1923, Pi: III, 27); Com- 
merce (?) 2 pieces. ° ' 





87 Similar to No. 84, but with a grain 
of wheat in the exergue. 
RY Die of No. 86. 


R tetr. 26 mm. wt.? Athens Nat. Num. 
Museum; G. Empedocles, 16.91; R. Jameson, 
16.83; Naville IV (Gr. D.-Evans), 440, 17.03; 
Commerce (RF). 

88 Die of No: 87. 

RZ Die of No. 85. 
R tetr. 23 mm. 16.97 Naville Sale X, 1925, No. 
413, (not illustrated here). 

89 Die of No. 87. 

RZ Die of No. 84. 








Pate ONO GR A PHS 





THE Mini 


A tetr. 24 mm. 16.53, Commerce (A); G. Em- 
pedocles, 16.98; R. H. Hart, Oldham, 17.67 (not 
illustrated here). 





90 Die of No. 86. 

RZ Die of No. 84. 
AR tetr. 25 mm. 17.04, G. Empedocles; Com- 
merce (RM), wt.? Sotheby Sale, Dec. I, 
1924, No. 46, 17.17. 


91 Similar to No. 90, but the grass- 
hopper is nearer the center of the exergual 
line, and the position of the kantharos is 
different. | 

RY Similar to No. 85, but without leaf 
within the loop. The A of the inscr. is 
exceptionally broad. 


& tetr. 24 mm. 16.94 R. Jameson; G. Empedo- 
cles, 16.98; Paris (Rev. Num. 19.22, Pl. V, 5); 
Commerce (RP); Commerce (ex-A); E. T. 
Newell, 17.34. 


92 Die of No. gt. 
RZ Die of No. 84. 


AR tetr. 25 mm. wt.? Commerce (R); Com- 
merce (?), (not illustrated here). 


_ 93 Figure of Dionysus similar to that 
of No. 83, but with differences in folds of 

















NUMISMATICHhN Gy 





(RALIANDRA) HOARD a7 





























the drapery. The kantharos is larger and 
isheld upright. Inthe exergue, a caduceus 
and in tiny letters, N1(%) ?. 

RZ Die of No. 91. 


AR tetr. 27 mm. 17.23, E. T. Newell; Com- 
merce (A), 17.15—also 17.08, 18.74, (wt. due to 
accretions) ; 17.42; 17.72 and one other; G. Em- 
pedocles, 16.85 and dupl., 17.17; R. H. Hart, 
Oldham, 17.39; ex Newell; R. Jameson, 17.03; 
Lederer, Berlin, 16.97; Pozzi Sale, 789, 16.87; 
Commerce (RP) 2 pieces and (RM) 4 pieces; 
Commerce (V); Commerce (S), Commerce (X); 
Commerce (T) 3 pieces; Naville X, 414—16.60. 


Group I 





Of the earlier form with the incuse 
reverse, there are between 17 and 19 vari- 
eties occurring in the hoard, or rather in 
the portions of it which I have been able 
to trace. Of one or two of these early 
varieties, we cannot be certain that they 
did accompany the others. There are in 
all 48 to 50 specimens. Several varieties 
are new and unpublished, and at least four 
are of considerable importance. . For- 
tunately, the preservation is fairly good, 
and it is possible to record the inscrip- 











eee ON OGRAPHS 








38 


THE MENDE 











tional variations. It is noteworthy that 
there are very few of the earliest types, 
such as those in the Taranto! and Delta 
Hoards.2 Of the varieties previously 
known, the rare and perhaps unique va- 
riety of the Rhousopoulos Sale, No. 887, 
did not occur, and its style will now be 
seen to be strangely at variance with that 
of the pieces actually from the hoard. 

Of the new varieties in this early series, 
some are hardly more than differences of 
inscription. Four have no lettering ap- 
parent; three read MIN; one, MINA; 
one, MINAAI; three, MINAAON, and 
seven MINAAION. On the double-relief 
pieces in this hoard, the inscription always 
reads MENAAION. On the Dionysus- 
head tetradrachm (Pl. X), of which none 
occurred in this hoard, we have the 
omicron replaced by an omega. On the 
fractional pieces, we meet MENAAIH— 
Dr. Regling concurs in the opinion ex- 
pressed by Bechtel® that this tetrobol is 
thus indicated as a drachm. The latest 
issues return to the form MIN found only 
on the incuse series. The presence of M 











NUMISMATICN Oe 








(KALIANDRA) HOARD 39 





as a brand-letter on the ass should be 
noted. The practice is found elsewhere 
—compare the lists given by Regling* and 
Imhoof-Blumer.> Figure I shows a tetro- 
bol of the incuse form with the inscription 
MEN, retrograde, which serves to estab- 
lish that this style of reverse, and the other 








Fig. I 


pieces which resemble its obverse type in 
style, come just before the double-relief 
issues. Another type, two asses’ heads|- 
vis-a-vis, which seems to have escaped il- 
lustration heretofore, is also included. 

- Of the new varieties which have not been 
published by M. Babelon, No. 12, with 
the wreath about the body of the ass, calls 
for special mention. Surely it must have 
significance greater than mere decoration 
for a procession—but what is its meaning?® 
No. 10, with a conventionalized flower be- 
neath the head of the ass, and No. 16, 


SN DALONIOGRAPHS 








THE MENDE 














having a fly(?) in the field, are new. This 
flower differs from the one on No. 8, 
called a palmette by Regling’ and Agnes 
Baldwin® and a Paionian rose by Svoro- 
nos.? si 

An insect similar to the one on No. 16 
occurs on the reverse of Nos. 40, 43 and 
48. If these are magistrates’ symbols, the 
practice lapses with the introduction of the 
double relief series, and is not resumed until 
very late, unless we may look upon the 
fly and insect of Nos. 40 and 41 as serving 
in a similar capacity. 

Perhaps the most important single piece 
in the hoard is No. 19, the reverse of which 
is unique. In the British Museum, there 
is a piece having a similar obverse com- 
bined with the usual mill-sail reverse 
(Pl. X, A). On the Paris (Pl. X, B) and 
Berlin (2) specimens (Pl. X, C and Zeit. 
f. Num. XXXIV, 1923, Pl. II, 7), the re- 
verse has an annulet at the centre. 

This piece has been placed at the end of 
the plate deliberately, in order to bring out 
the differences in the relief of these incuse 
coins. As has been mentioned, there was 





NUMISMATIG ho 2 








fear NRA) HOARD 





AI 

























a change in the form of the ethnic with the 
change to double relief. At first it seemed 
as if we might have in this piece the transi- 
tional step, but study of the incuse series 
as a whole shows that the lower relief 
which prevails in Nos. 16-18 is unques- 
tionably later in point of style than this and 
most of the other incuse pieces. This is 
further supported by Fig. I where we have 
a tetrobol with a relief like that of Nos. 
17 and 18, coupled with an inscription 
MEN retrograde on the obverse. With 
the introduction of the double relief 
coinage, there is a boldness and crudity in 
die cutting which is a marked contrast to 
Nos. 16 to 18, and which seems to point to 
an interval between them. Dr. Regling’s 
date for the change to double relief style 
is c. 450, but even if this date be pushed 
back more than a decade, we have insuf- 
ficient knowledge of the early history of 
Mende to attempt any strictly chronolog- 
ical arrangement of these earlier pieces. 
The first issues appear to have been di- 
drachms,!® but none of these occurred in 
the hoard. The change from the earliest 











AND MONOGRAPHS 




















42 


THE MENG 




















archaic style to that of Nos. 16-18 is 
gradual and fairly consistent; and save for 
the inscriptional changes and the addition 
of subsidiary symbols, there is no sharp 
distinction until we reach the later coins of 
Plate II. 

There seems slight reason for thinking 
any symbolism was intended by these 
reverses with their exceptional centers. 
If there were, it would have been inde- 
pendent of the obverse, for we have three 
reverse forms—the simple ‘“‘mill-sail”’ 
incuse, that with the annulet and the third 
with the wheel. The only explanation 
which might cover the situation is a purely 
mechanical one. I consider the “ mill-sail”’ 
form (Pl. X, A), to have been the earliest 
of these three. Finding that this did not 
readily force the metal into the high relief 
of the obverse die, the annulet was first 
added—chiefly for the sake of the addi- 
tional pressure upon the flan which was 
being struck. The tiny center of this ring, 
which on the die would have been a pro- 
jection, having been found to yield to 
wear before the other parts of the “ punch”’ 


NUMISMA TAG Naa 














(KALIANDRA) HOARD| 43 


| die, it was a simple progression to the wheel 
form. If we consider this type as pre- 
ceding the less rugged relief pieces on 
Plate II, an arrangement which had been 
decided upon previously on other grounds, 
we may then see in this lower relief a con- 
cession to the difficulties of striking No. 19 
and its companions shown on Plate X. 
Dr. Regling notes a plated piece of the 
annulet form." and another is illustrated 
in Jour. Int. Num., xiii, 1911, Pl. 7, No. 21. 
This is the only plated issue in the Mende 
coinage that I have seen, although the 
piece illustrated by M. Babelon, (Rev. | 
Num., 1922, Pl. VII, No. 4), is a forgery. | 
As has been noted, Hirsch xiii, (Rhouso-| 
poulos), 887, is very suspicious. | 








Group III. 


With the majority of these double-relief 
tetradrachms in good condition, one might 
think that the chronological arrangement 
of the types would be an easy matter. 
This is not so, owing to the die-combina- 
tions which are very much involved. One 
obverse die is ‘‘muled”’ with no less than 


eae ON OGRA PAS 








44 THE’ MEW 





five reverses. One reverse die is com- 
bined with seven different obverses—an- 
other with five. We may be able to find 
some significance in this later. These con- 
ditions will give some idea of the dif- 
ficulties in the way of arranging the plates 
satisfactorily. It will greatly simplify 
anyone’s following the arrangement sub- 
mitted herein if Plates III to X are re- 
moved and spread out in two columns, V 
and VI beneath III and IV, and the others 
similarly. 

When we observe that there are at least 
twenty-eight specimens of No. 93 in the 
hoard, and that these are uniformly in a 
condition which precludes their having 
been long in circulation, we are warranted 
in believing this to be in all probability 
the latest of the varieties found—the more 
so because none of the other varieties are 
nearly so numerous. Furthermore, No. 
83, of which there are thirteen specimens, 
and No. 82, of which there are eleven, the 
varieties which next approach No. 93 in 
the number of specimens found, are con- 
nected with No. 93 by common or closely, 


|. |NuMismaTic NO Ps 











(KALIANDRA) HO A-R D 





associated reverse dies and by exergual 
symbols. Therefore the pieces on Plate 
IX, combined as most of them are with 
either the obverse or reverse dies of these 
three varieties must be the latest in the 
hoard and their condition as well as 
their style bears out this conclusion. 


Grovr II. 


point directly, let us consider the obverse 
die combined with five differing reverses 
of which mention has already been made— 
Nos. 47-51 at the bottom of Plate V. The 
reverse die of the first of these pieces, No. 
47, will be seen to be identical with those 
in the left vertical row of Plate VII, here- 
inafter called reverse B—Nos. 61, 63, 65, 
67, as well as No. 62 in the top row of 
Plate VII and No. 59 on Plate VI—making 
seven combinations in all. A very similar 
reverse, that of No. 50, hereafter referred 
to as reverse A, will be seen in five com- 
binations beginning at the upper right 
hand corner of Plate V, No. 42, and de- 
scending through Nos. 44 and 50, thence 








Instead of trying to work back from this | 











AMD MONOGRAPHS 


ee 












THE MENDE 





passing to No. 64 on Plate VII, while a 
last example, for reasons of space, has been 
placed at the extreme lower right of 
Plate VI, No. 60. It is evident that these 
reverse dies, A and B, are contemporaneous 
or nearly so. A is apparently the earlier 
one, for it is combined in Nos. 42 and 44 
with earlier obverses with which B is not 
muled. It is also imitated in Nos. 66 and 
_|68—bunglingly as to inscription and design 
in the first, and as to lettering in the 
second. It would be hard to tell whether 
No. 70 is an imitation or the prototype of 
this die, were it not for its combination 
with No. 71 (Pl. VIII), and for the absence 
of any other muling with earlier reverses. 
All of the obverse dies on Plate VII occur 
combined with two reverses only, and this 
is true of Nos. 55 and 59 and Nos. 56 and 
58 on Plate VI as well. It will be seen, 
therefore, that the lower halves of Plates 
V and VI and all of Plate VII, are prac- 
tically contemporaneous. The order in 
which the reverses (B) in the left row of 
Plate VII are arranged is that indicated 
by the wear on the die. It is not abso- 




































NUMISMATIC EN Ore 











foeLe ND RA) HOARD! 47 
































lutely conclusive, but unless further combi- 
nations of the respective obverses come 
to light, we get no help from rearranging 
them. 

Returning to Plate V, it will be noticed 
that the reverse of No. 48 appears above 
muled with other obverses, and that these 
very same obverses are muled with Re- 
verse A (in Nos. 42 and 44), while No. 41, 
which is possibly earlier than the other 
two, has a reverse common to No. 49. This 
points unmistakably the line of progression 
for the pieces which appear on Plate III 
and the upper half of Plate IV, a fairly 
homogeneous group with several die-com- 
binations to bear out this arrangement. 
With one exception, these varieties occur 
in but two of three examples each, and 
many of them in single specimens only. 
The size of the enclosing square on the 
reverse has been taken as one criterion for 
placing No. 20 as the first of the double 
relief issues, but there are several varieties 
which can lay claim to equal crudity. 

Perhaps the most troublesome group in | 
this hoard is that which appears chiefly on 

















woe et ON O'GR A PHS 











Re 
Ls | THE MENDE 





Plate VIII, together with No. 69 on PI. 
VII and 81 on Pl. IX, placed there to 
demonstrate their sequential positions. 
The group differs from the other issues in 
that no inner square, whether linear or in 
relief, is found. Asa result, the outline of 
the die becomes a much more important 
part of the design, and the scale on which 
it is possible to cut the vine-motif is con- 
siderably greater. 

On the strength of No. 69 (Pl. VII), a 
specimen of which was acquired by the 
Berlin Cabinet, Dr. Regling places this 
piece, and its companion types among the 
latest in the hoard, i. e. after those on PI. 
IX. As we have seen, however, the coins 
with this form of reverse are much less 
frequent than those on PI. [X—there are 
only forty-five of them altogether. Be- 
sides, although the obverse of No. 69 is 
very closely similar to Nos. 81 and 82, it is 
not the same die, and must therefore surely 
precede the other pieces on Pl. 1X. Also, 
since No. 69 on Pl. VII must come after 
the other pieces illustrated on Pl. VII, 
the coins on Plate VIII must either be 











NUMISMATIC NOTES 


(KRALIANDRA) HOARD 























49 





contemporaneous with those of Pl. VII 
or precede them. 

This last conclusion is borne out in 
point of style, for in this regard, the pieces 
of Pl. VIII are not nearly so good as those 
of Pl. VII—in fact we have to go back to 
the earliest double-relief coins of Pl. III 
before we find anything quite so poor. 
Compare the modelling of the figure of 
Dionysus, especially as regards the drapery. 
Note too, that the stiff, unbendable char- 
acter of the fore-legs of the ass is not to be 
found in the intervening groups. So, al- 
though one extreme of this group is found 
muled with the varieties on Plate IX, which 
are certainly the latest in the hoard, I am 
unable to find any indications of where its 
earlier issues parallel the other types. 

There remain, then, the pieces on Plate 
VI along with those on the lower portion 
of Plate IV. No. 29, the last coin on 
Plate III gives the key. The transforma- 
tion of the reverse square is very interest- 
ing, progressing as it does from the linear 
form of Plate III to the raised field enclosed 
by a linear border which seems a direct 


AND MONOGRAPHS ae 























THE MENDE 






























evolution towards the raised field of reverse 
dies A (Nos. 42, 44, 50, 60 and 64) and 
B (Nos. 61 to 63, 65 and 67). The deli- 
cacy of the cutting is fully equal to that 
in the latest series and far superior to that 
of the coins on Plate VIII. In point of 
time some of the finer types probably 
parallel those on Plate VII, but numbers 
29 and 53 are not fine and probably belong 
among the types on Plate III. 

From the foregoing, it would seem that 
there must have been at least two artists 
working on the dies for the Mende Mint— 
one of these a highly finished artist with 
the best traditions of die-cutting embodied 
in his training; the other, apparently an 
older man, under whom the double relief 
coinage had been instituted. It is possible, 
though not necessarily probable, that the 
fine-style workman may have come from 
Athens. The activity of the older man 
covered a period beginning with the double 
relief coinage and extending to within a 
few years of the burial of the hoard. The 
younger man’s work began perhaps ten 
years later and continued up to 423. These 

















NUMISMATIC NO?ES 











fewer ND RA) HOARD 51 


artists seem to have worked independently 
and to have had very little influence one 
upon the other, unless we can see in the 
gradual improvement of the reverse dies 
some influence of the younger and more 
skilled die-cutter. 

There is slight reason for thinking that 
there may have been more than two artists 
working at this Mint. There are altogether 
ninety-five obverse and reverse dies in the 
tetradrachms occurring in the hoard. If 
we accept the dates of 450-423 for the 
period of their coinage, there would be an 
approximate average of three dies per year 
for twenty-seven years if a reasonable al- 
lowance were made for the increase previ- 
ous to the conflict with Athens, and for ac- 
cidents to dies. But it hardly seems likely 
that three different artists would have been 
required, unless it is assumed that making 
dies for the smaller denominations was 
more extensive than is customarily ad- 
mitted, or that they did not work for the 
Mende mint alone. 

One peculiarity, however, favours a 
hypothesis that there were three artists. 


AND MONOGRAPHS Bas 


THE MENDE 











Referring to No. 93, which was the most 
numerous of varieties in the hoard and 
therefore probably the latest, it will be 
noticed that the ass is shown with its 
legs in a position impossible for equili- 
brium: the near legs are spread, while the 
off-legs are together, a condition which 
would result in the animal toppling over! 
This rather unusual lack of observation in 
a Greek artist is to be found throughout 
Plate IX; and in Nos, 71.(Ph ViLDy-67, 
63, 69 and 7o (Pl. VII), 54 and 60, on 
Plate VI, and Nos. 29 and 35, 36 and 38, 
on the earlier plates and even on Nos. 12 
and 13 of the incuse series. Can this de- 
‘liberate repetition be the result of chance? 
And would it not rather seem to mark the 
work of an individual? The answer to 
the latter question would be affirmative 
were it not for the occurrence of this 
‘‘pacing’’ animal among the incuse vari- 
eties, which would make the work of the 
artist responsible for these issues, extend 
over a period longer than would have been 
likely. 

The most logical date for the burial of 




















NUMISMA TOG Gl. 











(RALEAN DRA) HOARD 


53 





this hoard is C. 423 B. C.—previous to the 
plundering of the city by the Athenians. 
M. Babelon decided for such a dating un- 
hesitatingly. It has been assumed by 
Head and Regling that there was no inter- 
ference with the coinage of the city by the 
Athenians after its surrender. The ques- 
tion now arises whether this conclusion is 
warrantable, for it was about this period 
that the Athenian monetary law came 
into force.’ It is therefore reasonable to 
suppose that a cessation of the tetra- 
drachm coinage might have occurred after 
the Athenians had captured the city. 
There is submitted on the last plate a 
group of the tetrobols struck by Mende, 
which offers evidence that between 423 and 
405 no tetradrachms were struck. If this 
plate is used in connection with Dr. 
Regling’s Plate III,* the argument will. be 
further simplified. The eight coins il- 
lustrated are lettered (a) to (i). It will 
be seen that the first, similar to Regling 
III, 29, has as its reverse inscription 
MENAAION. It must then have been 
* Zeit. f. Num. XXXIV, 1923. 








Sy eMON OG RAPH S 




















THE MENDS 











struck previous to the supposed stopping 
of the tetradrachm coinage, and while 
the tetradrachms bearing the ethnic in 
this form were still being put forth. There 
is a rather large number of dies with this 
type, showing that these tetrobols must 
have been struck over a fairly considerable 
number of years, as Dr. Regling’s dating 
for them (450-405) indicates. Type (b), 
although having for its obverse the mount- 
ed figure of Dionysus, is of a weaker style 
than the tetradrachm issues, and can hardly 
have been contemporaneous with them 
because the reverse inscription reads 
MENAAIH. To date this change slightly 
after 423 is quite in keeping with what we 
know of the spread of the Ionic dialect in 
the Chalcidic region. The reverse is still 
a shallow incuse similar to that of type 
(a), and not far separated from it in point 
of style. Type (c) shows the same obverse 
as (b) with the addition of the letter M 
between the legs of the ass, while the re- 
verse is now enclosed in a double linear 
border. Type (d), a unique piece also 
having the M on the obverse, has its reverse 











NUMIS MATIC 3 












fea es DR A) H'O A RD 





59 





type enclosed in a single linear square, 
outside which there is a meander (?) 
border. The amphora is like that in (c), 
but both are less broad in their treatment 
than in (b). Type (e), although closely 
similar to (d) is a little weaker in style, 
while the reverse, although enclosed in a 
linear border, has no outside decoration 
such as was seen in (d). The amphora 
has become much broader and shorter, and 
in consequence less graceful. On type (f) 
we have a change on the obverse to the 
wreathed head of the youthful Dionysus, 
while on the reverse there is no change in 
the inscription, and but little change in 
the shape of the amphora which is still 
surrounded by the linear border. On 
type (g) the head is almost identical with 
type (f), but the reverse, instead of having 
the incuse square, now shows a circular 
incuse, and the linear border has been 
eliminated. In the next development we 
have the circular incuse with the inscrip- 
tion now changed to MENAAIQN (Hirsch 
Sale XX XIII, 621)—not illustrated here. 
In the last phase (i), (Regling III, 35), 


moe oO N OGRA PHS 


































56 


THE * MEN DE 











the head faces to left; the reverse is merely 
a weaker repetition of its immediate pred- 
ecessor. 

From the style of the Dionysus-head 
tetradrachm of reduced weight, (Pl. X), 
one can hardly fail to agree with Dr. 
Regling’s dating “after 400.’ Such an 
issue must have been struck within a rea- 
sonable period after the downfall of Athens, | 
and taking the weight of the Berlin tetrobol 
(e)—2.07 grammes and multiplying it by 
six, we have an entire agreement with the 
weight of the tetradrachms, 12.32, which 
has to be considered of ‘‘ Aeginetic’’ stan- 
dard, the one most reasonably to be ex- 
pected under the circumstances. The 
weights of these tetrobols show that the 
change to this standard® probably took 
place between types (e) and (f). Types (b) 
and(g), because of the form of the inscrip- 
tions on them, must have preceded the 
tetradrachm of Aeginetic weight in point of 
time, their weights being also Aeginetic. 
It is, therefore, reasonable to believe that 
the change in standard took place sometime 
after the Athenian defeat in Sicily and 


NUMISMATICG WN Gee 








ieee Leb A); HOARD 


37 





possibly before the final disaster of the 





Aegospotami, at a time when the other 
Athenian dependencies were Bieie off 
their allegiance. 

The gradual progression from the 
square incuse of type (a), through the 
linear-square-enclosed forms of (e) and 
(f), and the final change of the circular 
incuse of type (g), parallels closely the 
transition in the tetrobols of the Chalcidic 
League issued during approximately the 
same period. One can hardly fail to see in 
the choice of the obverse types of (f) and 
(g) and of the corresponding tetradrachms 
a concession to. the popularity of the 
youthful head which appears on the League 
coinage. This popularity, in a common 
market, would have necessitated Mende’s 
following the lead of her neighbors with 
whom there continued a rivalry as late 
as 390. In that year, together with Sci- 
one and Acanthus, Mende resisted all 
efforts of the Chalcidic League to induce 
them to unite forces. 

To Professor Allen B. West, I am in- 
debted for calling to my attention a 


AND MONOGRAPHS 











58 


THE MENDE 




















tetradrachm of Maroneia, which like the 
tetradrachms of Pl. VIII omits the linear 
square of the reverse (Soth. Sale, May 9, 
1908, 182). The weight is 13.99 and the 
date approximately 435-425. It would not 
be going too far afield to draw analogies 
from the coinage of Maroneia in dating 
these Plate VIII types, for, though sepa- 
rated in point of distance, both were cities 
whose trade must have been sea-carried 
and the chief staple of both was wine, but 
the single occurrence at Maroneia may be 
due to chance rather than to intentional 
imitation of a practice current at Mende. 

In the Boston Museum there is a very 
troublesome coin which might be used in 
opposition to the foregoing. It is illus- 








‘Itrated on Plate X, D, as well as in the 


Regling-Warren Catalogue (No. 576). 
This type did not occur in the hoard. The 
symbol beneath the body of the ass is a 
conical helmet. The reverse, although 
reading MENAAION, and although show- 
ing a vine enclosed by a linear square, is of 
a radically different style from that of the 
pieces in the hoard. Note that the in- 





NUMISMATIC NOTES| 








Pee ND RAY HOARD 


59 








‘scription begins at the lower right-hand 
corner of the square. It is like some of the 
issues of Maroneia which might be dated 
about 400, or even later. The vine is 
unlike anything elsewhere in the Mende 

|coinage, and although the weight, 16.90, 
is Attic, it is hard to believe that there 
could have been so remarkable a change 
in style without a considerable period 
having elapsed. This coin is believed to 
be unique. What are we then to think? 
Have we here the only surviving example of 
an issue between the burying of the hoard 
and the reduced weight pieces with the 
Dionysus head? Some day coins might 


come to light establishing the development | 
from the point at which our hoard stops. | 


This is, surely, a possibility, and our ex- 
perience with the new types in this Kali- 
andra hoard should warn us against rash 
conclusions. We know very little of the 
history of Mende after 423, but we do know 
of her resistance to the advances of the 
Chalcidic League about 390; and if the 
Dionysus head issues are to be considered 
an outcome of the Athenian downfall in 

















Nee OIN' OG RA PPH'S 

















THE MENODE 




























405, there may have been a reaction and 
the Boston piece with its Attic weight- 
standard, and a style that is certainly 
later than 400 may be evidence of the re- 
turn of the city to Athenian loyalty. For 
the Dionysus-head issues, there was a| 
reversion to the style of the incuse tetra- 
drachms—would it not be reasonable to 
see in the Boston tetradrachm a similar 
harking back to the types in use before 
Mende’s coinage was restricted by Athens? 
Although the style of the Boston piece is 
weak and poor, one hesitates to think that 
it can be an issue so late as the period of 
Timotheos’ activity in Pallene between 362 
and 360; but we are told that he was very 
successful in raising funds without burden- 
ing the Athenian Treasury,“ and it might 
be that this issue was struck by Mende in 
return for some concession made by this 
General, or possibly by some of his prede- 
cessors. 

Were it not that it might lead us too far 
afield, it would be interesting to study the 
symbolism of our coins at some length. 
At first, in any event, we are called upon to 


| [NUMISMATIC NOTES 








Peis DRA) HOARD! 61 
























decide whether the main type is Dionysus 
or Silenus. M. Babelon pronounces in 
favor of the latter—Messrs. Hill and 
Regling for the former, Dr. Regling point- 
ing out that the absence of long ears or 
hoofed-feet is conclusive. To be sure, the 
ass is associated with Silenus, and its use 
as the main type on the incuse coinage 
does support M. Babelon’s view. On Nos. 
43 and 46 we have a subsidiary figure with 
wine-skin and thyrsus, and with a tail 
plainly visible, and this would normally be 
taken for Silenus, although it would also 
be possible to describe the figure as that of 
a satyr. But the presence of the thyrsus 
in the hand of the mounted figure on 
Nos. 60 and 61, and the occurrence of the 
wreathed head of the youthful Dionysus 
on the later, reduced-weight coinage, 
points to Dionysus rather than to his lesser 
follower. 

Attention should be called to the occur- 
rence of a swastika on the drapery of 
Dionysus between the knees on No. 36. It 
can hardly be decoration simply, although 
it is difficult to conceive any satisfactory 





AND MONOGRAPHS 


ed 





THE MENDE 











interpretation of it as a symbol. Not 
having seen No. 35, the cast of which is 
not of the best, I make the following sug- 
gestion with some hesitancy. The two 
dies are very close indeed, but the relief on 
No. 36 is higher, and in addition to the 
swastika and what appear to be sandals, 
there are differences in the drapery. Il 
believe that we have here a re-cut die 
which for some reason has merely been 
deepened. The addition of the swastika 
would possibly be for the sake of indicating 
pieces from the altered die. 

Judging from the finely preserved speci- 


‘mens in the double-relief series, the form 


of the beak and the shape and proportions 
of the body, make one think the bird on the 
coins of Mende a crow. Dr. Regling 
presents reasons for believing it a starling, 
stating that in Africa a bird of this species 
performs the service of removing parasites 
for cattle. But this function is also per- 
formed by crows, as I myself have witness- 
ed in Greece, where on one occasion I saw 
no less than three of these birds perched 
on the back of a goat, apparently to the 











NUMISMA TIC ha 








(KALTANDRA) HOARD 


63 





great satisfaction of that animal, which 
took the greatest care not to make a move- 
ment which would disturb the visitors. 
Blanchet (Rev. Num. 1895, p. 168) quotes 
Kinch as having seen the same phenomena 
in the Chalcidice. Moreover, where the 
bird serves as the main type, on the frac- 
tional issues, the resemblance to the crow 
is even more convincing. 

A very superficial searching has not re- 
vealed the presence of the crow on any of 
the vases decorated with Dionysiac scenes. 
There is an interesting statement by 
Pausanias regarding a statue which he 
saw at Megalopolis: ‘‘ Within the enclosure 
is a temple of Friendly Zeus: the image is 
by Polyclitus the Argive, and resembles 
Dionysus, for his feet are shod with bus- 
kins, and he holds a cup in one hand, a 
thyrsus in the other. But an eagle is 
perched on the thyrsus, and this is not in 
harmony with the myths of Dionysus.’’ 
In view of Pausanias’ own doubts about 
the identification of the statue, we are 
faced with a quandary. Mr. Fraser as- 
sumes that Polyclitus has chosen to rep- 


faye) eNO WO GRAPHS 

















THE MENDE 





resent the figure of Zeus with the attri- 
butes of Dionysus. It might with equal 
justification be supposed that we have a 
figure of Dionysus with a crow instead of 
an eagle, and that the statue, by some 
means, had been adapted for a sanctuary 
of Friendly Zeus. Aside from our coins, 
however, this is the only occurrence of the 
crow (?) with Dionysus which has come 
down to us that I have been able to find. 

It is with a no-longer-youthful Dionysus 
that we have to do, on the coins of this 
hoard; it is a bearded, not to say elderly, 
personage. Here we have the central figure 
of the Dionysiac thiasos such as appears 
again and again on the vase-paintings. 
How, then, shall we explain the presence 
of the crow? Certain of the coins show 
Dionysus wearing a wreath made of leaves 
of ivy (or grape?). But what can be the 
significance of the wreath hanging from 
the mouth of ‘the ass (Nos. 27 and 28)? 
Note, too, that the head of the animal 
is wreathed on Nos. 34, 73 and 75, 
while one of the incuse issues shows a 
wreath of ivy about its body. On No. 





NUMISMAT1I CN Oe 








fea aN DRA) HOARD 

















47 Dionysus is holding a twig or small 
branch in his left hand, and from its form 
this can hardly be either ivy or grape. If 
it is of the same kind as the one which has 
fallen to the ground in Nos 61 and 65, 
(but this is not certain), we have in the case 
of the latter, at least, and possibly with the 
other, a terminal flower similar to those 
which appear on the shrub whereon the 
crow is perched on earlier specimens. The 
presence of blossoms would preclude its 
being either grape-vine or ivy. 

M. Babelon suggests a very interesting 
explanation for the grape-vine which oc- 
cupies the reverse of so many of the tetra- 
drachms. In France, he tells us, in many of 
the vineyards, there is a carefully tended 
vine, often of great age, from which, be- 
cause of the quality of its grapes, the cut- 
tings for new plantings are made. Some 
such practice may have prevailed at 
Mende, in which case there may have been 
a dedication of this ‘father of the vines’ to 
Dionysus, which would account for the 
choice of it for the reverse symbol of their 
coinage. In this connection, compare the 


AND MONOGRAPHS en 

































eee 
| 


|: 66 THE MENDE 








Maronetan tetradrachm with a Silenus 
head or mask at the root of the vine.!® 
M. Babelon submits as a hypothesis that 
the latest pieces in the hoard are of a style 
which shows the influence of the sculptor 
Paionios of Mende, to whom we owe the 
Nike statue at Olympia, the base of which 
bears an inscription giving the artist’s 
name. But the usually accepted identi- 
fication of the birthplace of this artist is 
Mende in Thrace, rather than the Mace- 
donian Mende, and any similarity in style 
must be considered merely fortuitous. 
There is little to add to the discussion of 
the reverse type of No. 83. Babelon be- 
lieves this to be un catsson architectural, 
analogous to the coffered ceiling which 
occurs on the early tetradrachms of Delphi 
with the ram’s-heads obverse. Dr. Regling 
describes this as ‘“‘a square door, or win- 
dow, consisting of a cross piece with which 
is connected an inner window frame fast- 
ened with nails to an outer casing in high! 
relief.”’ The presence of the nails does 
away with any possibility of this being a 
ceiling coffer; nor can we accept the iden- 














INUMISMATIC NOTES 





































foe DRA) HOARD) 67 ] 





tification of it as a window casing, for why 
should there be nails along the cross piece 
as well as the outer frame? As reenforce- 
ment for a door panel, possibly of metal, 
we should have an explanation of the 
presence of the nails—but a square door 
would be unusual. M. Perdrizet suggests 
a coffer or strong box such as might have 
protected the Temple Treasury, or con- 
tained a Cult-image. Dr. Hirsch calls this 
a ‘‘temple plan”’ in one of his catalogues. 
Although none of these explanations fully 
satisfy, the identification as a door is the 
most attractive but the question may be 
considered still open. 

As for No. 86 and No. 87, the reverse of 
which I have described as a circular disc 
on which is a 16-rayed star, Babelon calls 
this a decorated patera, and Regling, a 
diskos with a sun symbol, citing in a 
lengthy note the many occurrences of this 
symbol in Asiatic art as well as upon late 
issues in Thrace, but presenting no ex- 
planation of its occurrence at Mende. 

It seems reasonable to look upon the 
exergual symbols occurring in the latest 











pee ONOGR AP HS 








68 


THE MENDE 











issues (Plate IX) as Magistrates’ marks 
especially in the light of the presence of the 
letters N I (X) accompanying the caduceus 
(No. 93). The grasshopper, and the bar- 
ley or wheat grain are used elsewhere— 
e.g. Metapontum; and similar symbols 
occur in the Macedonian district too fre- 
quently for citation. 

A word should be given to the counter- 
feits which have already begun to appear 
on the market. Three of the dies are il- 
lustrated on Plate X (left column), and 
these when double-struck or covered with 
artificial encrustation are very dangerous. 
Specimens have been offered in Paris and 
Athens, and, as will be seen, in one case a 
worn tetradrachm of which the portion 
showing the crow is distinguishable, served 
as a blank, with the result that there is 
nothing suspicious attaching to the flan 
itself. 

Another condition which has been ob- 
served, is that some of the archaic pieces 
have been altered so that they now appear 
with the M brand-mark on the thigh of 
the donkey, this change being easily made 


NUMISMATIC NOTES 
























(ecines DR A)’ HOARD 








owing to the high relief of the original type. 

To conclude—this hoard shows the 
scantiness of our previous knowledge of the 
tetradrachm coinage of this city. It is 
probable that a similar condition is still 
true of a number of her neighboring cities. 
Secondly, we have a new demonstration of 
the importance of die-combinations in es- 
tablishing the sequences of types, and of 
the dangers of relying on style alone as a 
criterion for such purposes. Finally, in 
view of the extent of her coinage as in- 
dicated by this hoard, we must give to 
Mende a greater prominence commercially. 
The occurrence of the archaic types in 
hoards as far removed as Egypt and the 
Tigris, to say nothing of the presence of 
these tetradrachms in the Taranto find, 
justifies our assigning to Mende a position 
of greater material prosperity and com- 
mercial consequence than has previously 
been given her. | 


Ae OIN OG RA PHS 


70 THE MENDE 


ADDENDA 


While the preceding material was in the 
press, word was received through Prof. 
Allen B. West, then at the American School 
of Classical Studies in Athens, that another 
portion of the Mende hoard had appeared 
on the market, consisting of approximately 
fifty tetradrachms. He very kindly ob- 
tained casts of those which were available, 
and by comparing them with the casts 
which I had myself made, it was clear that 
they were new specimens. The casts 
showed these to be of the following va- 
rieties: Nos. 12, 26, 28, 43, 63, 64, 76, 78, 
81, 83, 85, 89 and 93. Of the following 
varieties, casts were not sent—the identi- 
fications were made by Prof. West, and the 
weights disclosed that these were also new: 
3, 5, 15, 46, 55, 83 (possibly 2 pieces) and 
93 (possibly 4 pieces). 

In addition, there were three new die- 
combinations, and one new pair of dies 
(Fig. 2). 


| |Numismarre NOTES 





fiona bP AUN DR A) HOARD 


21a. Obverse of 41. R. of 21? (2 pieces, 
16.60 and 17.10). 

55a. Obverse of 58. R. of 55. 

Fae soeverse (ol. 72. Ri .of: 74. © 
pieces, 17.30 and 17.20). 


31a. Similar to Nos. 31-34 and 51. ‘The 
crow is very low on the field. The border 
of heavy dots. 

Re pimilar to No. 31. -The- trunk of 
the vine is twisted, and the tendrils more 
prominent than usual. The final N is 


& 





close to the O rather than midway between 
itand the initial M. AR tetr. 29 mm. 17.20. 
Commerce (A). 

This new material does not measurably 
modify the conclusions reached previous to 
its appearance. If the five specimens of 





ee ee ON O.GiIR A PiH'S 


\ 





I 





















THE . ME Nope 





No. 93 are all new—of this I cannot be 
certain—the numerical preponderance of 
this variety is further increased. The new 
die-combinations are such as might have 
been anticipated, so far as Nos. 55a and 
73a are concerned. 21a (obverse of 4I 
and reverse of 21) showsa probably closer 
connection than the placing of these va- 
rieties on the plates indicates: 31a seems 
to be a connecting link between Nos. 31-34 
and51, 

The Catalogue of the collection of H. 
de Nanteuil, which has just reached my 
hands, shows Mende tetradrachms of the 
following types from this hoard: Nos. 8 
(1649), 17 (1702), 38 (1705), 55 (1717), 
78 (1685), 82 (1712), 93 (1707). 





eee 





|) = [NUMISMATIC NOTES 


hob iw NDR A) HOARD 


NOTES 

































1 Rev. Num. 1912, p. 1. 

?Num. Chron. 1890, p. 1. 

3 Inschriften des ion. Dialekts. Abh. der Got- 
ting. Ges. d. Wiss. xxxiv, 1887, 10. 

4 Die Gr. Munzen der Samml. Warren, p. 16, 
No. 94. 

°> Monn. Grecques, p. 7. 

6 At Gela (Jameson Cat. 581; Regling-Warren 
225), we have a somewhat analagous treatment 
of the bull, but with no further clue to its sig- 
nificance. 

"Zeit. f. Num., xxxiv, 1923, p. 15. 

8 Am. Jour. Num., v. 53, pt. iii, p. 7. 

°L’Héllenisme Primitif, p. 25. 

10Babelon, Traité, Nos. 1596 and 1598 and 
Regling, Zeit. f. Num. xxxiv, Pl. 2, No. I. 

1 Zeit. f. Num. xxxiv, 1923, p. 15, note. 

Ref. Weil ix., Zeit. f. Num, 25, 1906, p 52. 

Ba, E. T. Newell Coll. 2.33 

b. E. T. Newell Coll, 2.64 

ec. Naville X, 416. 2.38 

d. E. T. Newell Coll. 2.56 

e. S. P. Noe, 2.21 

f. Berlin (Regling III, 34), 2.07 

@ toe oe ()-1.N. 1911, Pl. VII, 30) 1.39 
h. Hirsch Sale xxxiii, 621, 2.10 

i. Berlin (Regling III, 35), 1.92 

14 Tsocrates XV, 113. 

1 Zeit. f. Num., iii, 1876, Pl. VI, 18 and Sir H. 
Weber Coll., 2332. 


AND MONOGRAPHS 























> 
: 
: : 
# 
. 
vi 
ps Z 
“ . 
c i 
aa: 
4 63 ; 3 
r > 
cs: . 
’ 
3 2 
— = 
é , 
ad 





Plate I 





Plate II 


MENDE 
























Plate II 





MENDE 


Plate IV 


MENDE 























1 
| 
; 


Ne Ae enn Tt EE A OE 





= 


Plate V 





Plate VI 











Plate VII 





- 


i 





Plate VIII 


























NuMISMATIC NOTES AND MONOGRAPHS 





1 Sydney P. Noe. Coin Hoards. 1921. 47 
pages. 6 plates, 50c. 

4 Howland Wood. ‘The Mexican Revolu- 
tionary Coinage, I9I3-I9I16. 1921. 44 
pages. 26 plates. $2.00. 

6 Agnes Baldwin. Five Roman Gold Me- 
dallions. 192I. 103 pages. 8 plates. 
$1.50. 

7 Sydney P. Noe. Medallic Work of A. A. 
Weinman. I92I. 31 pages. 17 plates. 
$1.00. 

8 Gilbert S. Perez. The Mint of the Philip- 
pine Islands. 1921. 8 pages. 4 plates. 
50c. 

David Eugene Smith, LL.D. Computing 

ges. 25 plates. 












e First Seleucid 
I. 40 pages. 8 


rench Orders and 
pages. 35 plates. 


Dollars of 1858. 
50c. 

hammedan Coin- 
ndia. 1922. 56 


os I of Characene. 
tes. $1.00. 















of Oe aS, Conan 

15 M. P; ‘Viasto.: Taras” Oikistes ( 

bution to Tarentine Numismatics). AE 

| 234 pages. 13 Pate: $3.50. 

16 Howland Wood. Commemorative 
age of United States. 

7 plates. $1.50. 

7. Agnes Baldwin. = 

os o _ lions. 








20 Harrold E. Pekin 
Dig ad its aN Medals ¢ 







oe " - 
28 ic T. ‘Seltman. 






25 8 Srey P. Me 
om Hoards. 


